1. The
different between herbivores and pests
Herbivores can said an animal, vertebrate or
invertebrate, that feeds on plants. However, as in most aspects of biology,
there are some grey areas. These include deciding what is or is not a plant,
what are the boundaries between herbivores that mostly feed on live plants and
saprovores that feed on dead plants and dead animals and are all pollinators
herbivores. Herbivores are often regarded as pests, because they damage plants. In addition there are terms for the host range (number of species) that an organism lives on.
Pest can also defined anthropocentrically means
that plant is a human property. The economic value of plant will be the most
important factor for determining a herbivore as pest species.
2. The
relationship of the quantitative existance of pests with the yield loss as economis/financial loss is more much the
quantitative existance of pests very influence for how much the yield loss (quantitave
and qualitative of yield), so it can degress of financial value of yield. So,
population of pest has a negative impact for quantitative and qualitative of
yield.
However, if the diversity of pest
high, it can make balances of ecosystem. And it is a advantages for crop, because naturally balance of ecosystem
can be formed. However, it is just
at natural ecosystem. At crop ecosytem,
balance condition difficult formed, because
the ecosystem maked by human, so very influence for cultivation, not naturally formed. Maybe, balance at
crop ecosystem can be formed, however it needs
effort to control human for example about how cultivation is doing, about how to prevent/control population of pest.
3. The
first step that should be taken before anyone launching a pest control program
is doing identify,
First,
Doing field observation
A
routine that should be done to ensure what we found inn the field at certain
time.
Second,
Observation result
Recorded,
interpreted, analyzed and used as the basic of decision making
After
doing fied observation and observation result can be done a pest control
program or measures that can be taken, such as
·
Through culture technque
·
Using resistant variety
·
Usinng mechanical & physical
techiques
·
Using biological control agents
·
Using natural measures
·
Using legal measures
·
Using chemical control such as pesticide
as LAST CONTROL
4. Integrated
Pest Management should never use pesticides, I don’t agree with the statement,
because IPM is the program that combine some methods to control pest include
used pesticides. However, used of pesticide at certain time, when the
population of pest very much and there’s no others chance to control, so last alternative be used pesticide.
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